tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64238040925934830062024-02-07T08:53:31.160-08:00Barriers explained!A wondering of the vastness of geology words...Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.comBlogger19125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-31031838050009039002014-07-23T13:58:00.001-07:002014-07-23T13:58:28.880-07:00Life of Neutrality: I flung the summer flu high!Recently I came down with a fever that I have no idea how I got - a summer flu if you may. One moment I was healthy as a horse hiking along the foothills of the Rockies, the next i am bed-ridden, down with a flu that took me by surprise. The last time i had a bed-ridden affair was a one-day fiasco in Vancouver that I knew I would catch from my nephew. That was hardly a flu because I was well the very next day ready to take off to Denver (which included a 3 hour drive to Seattle).<br />
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Nevertheless, what prompted me to write this blog is what I learned from the whole affair. This requires a little back story, so please bare with me.<br />
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I started feeling a sore throat in the early morning hours on the 1st day and I wondered what i was going to do. How was I going to tackle this when my husband was leaving to New York that very morning and I would have no one else to comfort or look after me. I pleaded with him to stay, though not as much as I wanted to as I knew it would be hard for him to leave his very visible and very high-strung client. He left. But before he did so, I asked him to get me some medication and a water filter. That's right! A water filter! The old one was starting to smell and was leaving behind a metallic taste in the water. He got them. And I knew I was wise enough to have stocked up on cans and cans of soup. So I let him go. I was prepared to fight this summer fling.<br />
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I was however not prepared for what I would come to realize.<br />
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The 1st day, I took the medication every 6 hours and was drugged so much that I could barely think about food. But i knew i had to fight this, so I inhaled the soup and snacked on some fruits throughout as I was awake. Most of the day, I slept it off. Come the 2nd day, I started off very much drugged that it took all my will power to stand up straight. After coming down to earth, I started thinking - which may or may not have been a good thing. What caused this and how do i prevent it, how do i get better faster? As I pondered these questions, I realized this happened to me before when I was in Houston. The only difference was that I had at least 1 friend whom I could count on and I was keeping myself in a social circle there as I was volunteering at the Houston Geological Society. So now i knew what the cause was; it was depression, something that caught me off-guard. I had fallen into a depression since I quit my job and this had weakened my body. Now the question was, how do i fight this.<br />
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As I thought about it, what was opposite to depression? Happiness, right? Where better to elate myself than look to the most social networking site - Facebook. So i got on and quickly saw that my best bud had mentioned that she cherished me and my wisdom. I can always count on her to cheer me up even if she doesn't know it. So Facebook cheered me up, but........ at a cost! It increased my fever. I wondered why and I realized that I was using up my energy to feel happy. So now what? Then I thought about Buddha after all these years for no reason at all. I am not a religious person, but there are times when I look up to him for wisdom. He taught about the middle path. So I took the path of neutral thinking. This is so much harder than it sounds and you will only realize that in times of situations like this how hard it is to think neutrally. Even as I was listening to music, if it wasn't a more neutral song, it would affect my mentality deeply. When you are at your most vulnerable, this neutral stance is guaranteed to help you through. It was tough as I went from wild thoughts of sadness to elation of looking through old photographs. They did not help. My neutral thought was my aunt. I am not particularly close to her, but for some reason it worked. And now here I am on my 3rd day writing this out with no signs of the flu other than some phlegm.<br />
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So with a little bit of courage, medicine, rest and neutral thoughts, I flung the summer flu high!<br />
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Here's a list of what I think are some neutral songs in no particular order. Hope they make you feel calm too!<br />
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Fata Morgana by <b>Imperia</b><br />
Fuck You by <b>Lily Allen</b><br />
Fahrenheit 451 by <b>ATB</b><br />
Bad Blood by <b>Bastille</b><br />
Aberdeen by <b>Cage the Elephant</b><br />
Speed of Sound by <b>Coldplay</b><br />
December by <b>Collective Soul</b><br />
Aerodynamic by <b>Daft Punk</b><br />
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Most of <b>Enigma</b>'s songs are pretty neutral like - The Eyes of Truth, Turn Around, Beyond the Invisible, Dreaming of Andromeda, Northern Lights, Voyageur - some of my favorite Enigma songs aren't included though as they make me want to skip along to it lol<br />
<b>Lord of the Rings </b>and <b>The Dark Knight </b>soundtracks are all pretty neutral too<br />
Can You Hear Me by <b>Hybrid</b><br />
Berlin by <b>New Politics</b><br />
1901 by <b>Phoenix</b><br />
Black Hole Sun by <b>Soundgarden</b><br />
Black and Yellow by <b>Wiz Khalifa</b><br />
Silver Tongue by <b>Zulu Winter</b><br />
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Of course this list is my own opinion which depends on my memories of what I associate with it and doesn't make me want to skip along to or swing my legs to, dance to or make me feel sad or that I need a booster. Some of them are however some of my favorite songs, I guess because they have a more calming effect on me. Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-62171970712568032642014-07-17T18:15:00.000-07:002014-07-17T18:18:36.484-07:00Back after 2 years! Bonjour a la Rockies!<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRSwZYvHq1ERXPjU34IRomCkAFwRpCBNJAFgwkoFCtUDCeR0UfWUWokqc799lC7GaJHvVPmYGSQRtXnWJa7oK2nE1aUWtR_Ut7KHp4JWyqokFs1ll5CwNnEEE9n1rzlBGIGb9MhIL6VWU/s1600/100_2417.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRSwZYvHq1ERXPjU34IRomCkAFwRpCBNJAFgwkoFCtUDCeR0UfWUWokqc799lC7GaJHvVPmYGSQRtXnWJa7oK2nE1aUWtR_Ut7KHp4JWyqokFs1ll5CwNnEEE9n1rzlBGIGb9MhIL6VWU/s1600/100_2417.JPG" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bonjour a la Rockies</td></tr>
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It seems much longer than 2 years ago I put my thoughts on nature/geology/travel on a blog. A lot has happened within those 2 years and it has been a roller coaster ride. I want to get back to blogging about nature again. Maybe not just nature, life in general too i suppose with a little bit of geology. I will try to keep this blog up as I just read one of my drafts that I had started on my visit to India. It was very interesting and now i wish i had finished it if not published it. But alas, i cannot finish it now since I had written that a year ago. What a shame!<br />
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Being in between jobs and my husband traveling for work, I find some time to idle whilst i work on several things. And so i'm reborn again online with my blogging.<br />
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So what happened within the last 2 years? Here's a summary:<br />
<ul>
<li>Got married to my boyfriend of seeing him for 2 years</li>
<li>Graduated with my MSc in Geology</li>
<li>Traveled to India twice</li>
<li>Saw a Sri Lankan wedding in Sri Lanka (my first) </li>
<li>Started working with one of my friends to set up a <a href="http://www.malinifoundation.org/" target="_blank">home for orphaned girls </a>in Sri Lanka</li>
<li>Started volunteering with a water organization which ended up getting me an Executive Vice President position</li>
<li>Got published on a different <a href="http://rockheadsciences.com/executive-vice-president-save-water-jan-warusavitharana-day-life-series/" target="_blank">blog</a> for my work </li>
<li>Terminated my position with the water organization</li>
<li>Went on a road trip from Los Angeles to Maryland</li>
<li>Can add to my list of travel to New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Utah and Vancouver </li>
</ul>
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And now here I am looking for a job again. As i wait to steer my fate onto a new and exciting job, I've decided to keep active. Here's my current list of activities - don't be envious ;)<br />
<ul>
<li>Still working with the home for girls in Sri Lanka</li>
<li>Helping out on some water projects in Sri Lanka with another <a href="http://wimalawansa.org/" target="_blank">Foundation</a></li>
<li>Started music class - decided to go back to learning to read & write music and learn some classical pieces on the piano</li>
<li>House hunting in the Denver metro area</li>
<li>Learning about the geology of Colorado more closely</li>
<li>Reading various histories on the British, French and Austria</li>
<li>And of course staying active</li>
</ul>
My life as i know has never been the same since I worked as VP of an organization. It showed me the potential i have and what a difference i can make. Once i get some more work experience, WATCH OUT FOR ME WORLD! I <b>WILL</b> TAKE YOU ON!Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-84232672786869900822012-07-04T08:41:00.005-07:002012-07-04T08:41:54.545-07:00Washington - The tour continues with Mt. Rainier<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Mt. Rainier was on our agenda the next
day of our Washington tour. A volcano finally! A stratovolcano to be exact. One who's peak is prominently tall and conical in shape. In fact, Mt. Rainier is known to have the tallest peak of all the Cascade volcanoes and this is the Columbia Crest. From what i've seen around the forest area, most of the material is either rhyolitic or andesitic. The boulders surrounding the basal area were probably deposited by lahars. <a href="http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Outreach/Publications/GIP19/short_history_mount_rainier.pdf" target="_blank">Here</a> is a good history background of Mt. Rainier published by the USGS.<br />
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Volcanic boulders along a stream near the base<br />
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Boulders moved probably by the force of <a href="http://geology.com/usgs/rainier/" target="_blank">lahars</a> causes more damage than lava flow as they travel far. This was again near a stream.<br />
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As an active volcano which last erupted during the late 1800s, there were signs at the base with evacuation routes in case of an eruptions. Didn't get a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volcano_evacuation_route_sign.jpg" target="_blank">picture</a> of it, but it's pretty distinctive. There are <a href="http://geology.com/usgs/rainier/" target="_blank">monitoring areas </a>throughout this area that provides the warning system in case of an eruption or lahars occur.</div>
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It took a whole day of
exploration and even still we were not able to get to the very top since
they had not opened most of the road as the snow had still to be
cleared. In fact, they were going to reopen that road the day after. So
the best time to actually get closer to the peak of Mt. Rainier is in June or
later and not mid-May. The rain on the mountain was less than what we experienced in
Seattle. So it gave us some time for exploration. We took the Longmire
route out of the <a href="http://www.nps.gov/mora/planyourvisit/index.htm" target="_blank">5 different routes</a> they had along the base of the volcano. This is the SW route which has the Nisqually Glacier.</div>
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Sunny Beach Point at Alder Lake. Formed when they dammed the Nisqually River near the base of Mt. Rainier.<br />
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Came across some <a href="http://geology.about.com/od/platetectonics/ig/ophiolite/ophiolite-serpentine.htm" target="_blank">serpentine</a> or verd antique near the lake. This was amongst the rubble and not in place. But picked it up since i don't have a serpentine sample in my collection.<br />
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These rocks are signs of a subduction zone and belongs to an ophiolite complex (where the sea floor is subducted then raised by tectonic forces).</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6rVuGufVfNC5-BD3T_4oty_nvVtFoq3TnisdX_mq9DRkAEJXc8qOk6E90n5kAMS2mEs75oZ6be5LOOA6Ck0pvqScv6Cafw9AH-AriLQLIZmfq0jzACy2zR3P-rR3etYYTcIk6SvatMrk/s1600/100_2281.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6rVuGufVfNC5-BD3T_4oty_nvVtFoq3TnisdX_mq9DRkAEJXc8qOk6E90n5kAMS2mEs75oZ6be5LOOA6Ck0pvqScv6Cafw9AH-AriLQLIZmfq0jzACy2zR3P-rR3etYYTcIk6SvatMrk/s400/100_2281.JPG" width="400" /></a><br />
With calcitic veins <br />
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The folding of the calcite occurred after it precipitated.<br />
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The slickensides (stress lines created by sliding against other rocks) seen at the bottom of the sample.</div>
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Then when we got to the information center, came across this:</div>
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A 670year old Douglas-fir tree with me for scale, cut down by the Saint Regis Paper Co. in the <a href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/main/giffordpinchot/about-forest" target="_blank">Gifford Pinchot National Forest</a>. A type of tree that was used as a source of wood for heat and light by the natives.</div>
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We had visitors.</div>
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Steller's Jay</div>
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Sparrow</div>
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Mt. Rainier is known to have the greatest number of glaciers in the lower 48 states. And one of those is the Nisqually glacier which is in the Physical Geology Lab textbook that i teach! So naturally i wanted to go see it, but as luck would have it we didn't have the right hiking gear for climbing through deep and/or melting snow. So lesson learned: Don't go to Washington without the right amount of clothing and gear and make sure the season is right!</div>
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We did run into some luck where a glacier had proceeded closer to the base. So we stopped by. </div>
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The ablation (melting) portion of a glacier that we noted that is carving out a small valley. </div>
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The Nisqually River flows close to that glacier. Standing on a lava boulder displaced by lahars.</div>
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Christine Falls<br />
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Christine Falls</div>
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Contributing to the rivers by eroding and carrying material downstream.</div>
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Another natural spring.</div>
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The Nisqually River flows through from the Nisqually glacier</div>
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Another misfit wanting a morsel of food</div>
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Fit for a queen at Paradise Inn</div>
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This was the highest we were allowed. As our luck had it, they would open the road the next day.</div>
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Layers in the snow. It's a wonder the snow doesn't melt as it wasn't that cold. </div>
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The top of the mountain is above the clouds</div>
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And yet another....These guys were more frequent than the birds. </div>
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A Western hemlock.</div>
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Resembling the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoh_Rainforest" target="_blank">Hoh Rainforest</a> big maples in the Olympic peninsula, these Western hemlocks looked like they had HUGE spiders living on the trees.</div>
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These seemed very much out of place and looked like brand new blooms.</div>
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A type of Tulip?</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhifhdVNrU-9iZ7fh_ZWVCfyJ27ZMJ0xZGDFlXg4Eow9E521VoNGhGH8OgFV2sgEZjan75soYL_qKvUuyNI-MHssccLbEBcPzEP4j013ZSrEu5PUasmSjHJ6P8Rog5G8fLxtIY-lz97NBoa/s1600/100_2062.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhifhdVNrU-9iZ7fh_ZWVCfyJ27ZMJ0xZGDFlXg4Eow9E521VoNGhGH8OgFV2sgEZjan75soYL_qKvUuyNI-MHssccLbEBcPzEP4j013ZSrEu5PUasmSjHJ6P8Rog5G8fLxtIY-lz97NBoa/s400/100_2062.JPG" width="400" /></a></div>
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Many trees were in this condition around the forest.</div>
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Moss-attack</div>
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Corridor of hemlocks and firs.</div>
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Plane shot of Mt. Rainier in the background peeking out of the clouds.</div>
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This trip to this volcano has got me longing for more of it. And since it was a very spontaneous trip, I suggest anyone who is actually going to this area to have it all planned out else you cannot get the most out of what this great natural wonder has to offer. A good list of things to prepare are:</div>
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<ul>
<li>Make sure the dates that you go are a time when the park is fully open and of course read about if there are signs in the news about an eruption or lahar occurring about to happen.</li>
<li>Routes to take since there are <a href="http://www.nps.gov/mora/planyourvisit/index.htm" target="_blank">5 different roads</a> that lead up to the summit. The national park service <a href="http://www.nps.gov/mora/index.htm" target="_blank">website </a>is a good resource to start planning with.</li>
<li>Hiking routes along the way. </li>
<li>A physical map which the park provides. This is handy when your phone gps dies on you. Although, now google maps can be downloaded and used offline.</li>
<li>Have hiking gear. Plan for all types of weather. Mostly snow and rain.</li>
<li>Review of how to protect oneself if encountering a <a href="http://www.rd.com/advice/travel/how-to-be-bear-savvy-when-hiking-and-camping/" target="_blank">bear</a> or a <a href="http://www.infobarrel.com/Protecting_Yourself_Against_Bear_or_Cougar_Attacks_While_Hiking" target="_blank">mountain lion</a>. The park usually provides guidelines, but it's always best to read up about it beforehand.</li>
<li>Have at least a couple of days handy since it's hard to take everything in on one day.</li>
<li>A handy camera that is always ready to take a snap shot.</li>
<li>Food and water even though there are inns present. Do not feed the wild life though. That is the sole reason we saw so many foxes along the way.</li>
<li>Most of all, don't forget your adventurous spirit!</li>
</ul>
Of course that was not an exhaustive list, but the essentials are there. So I hope there's a next time story involved in my future.<br />
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Next post will be about the fascinating, yet hidden city known as Wenatchee which is east of the Mt. Rainer & Wenatchee National Forests.Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-8868912136551255912012-06-15T16:27:00.003-07:002012-06-15T16:27:23.131-07:00Washington - Start of a tour into her beautyOur recent visit to Washington, inspired me to get back into writing a blog again after a
long time. Tied to my birthday gift from my boyfriend, it was a 1st for both of us going into active volcanic
territory. I was mostly excited about that versus the concert we were
going to see called Sasquatch (aka yeti of North America). More on that in a later blog.<br />
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What stuck out the 1st going towards downtown from the Sea-Tac Airport was the highway sign.<br />
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Yup! It's the face of George Washington and there's a town called George!!! This is a sign in <a href="http://goo.gl/maps/4YMV" target="_blank">Quincy, WA</a> about 3 hours east from Seattle though and east of the Columbia river. This was taken when we went to the concert later.<br />
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After getting over the sign, next notice was the trees. 1st reaction was, they all look like HUMONGOUS christmas trees.</div>
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Aka Douglas Firs or this type is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coast_Douglas-fir" target="_blank">coast Douglas-fir</a>. Taken when we went to the Mt. Rainier National Forest.</div>
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Started off our tour with going through <a href="http://www.pikeplacemarket.org/" target="_blank">Pike's Place Market</a>,
mostly to get me a sweater as it was cold. This market reminded me of
shopping for local fares in Sri Lanka where you have to haggle to come
down to a reasonable price. Also how the fresh fish (didn't have a
terrible fishy smell like it does in Sri Lanka), the fresh vegetables,
and other fares are laid out. It was similarly set up and so different
from the rest of US shopping. Truly worth for leading you down memory
lane or a different shopping style.</div>
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Then we made our way to Mt. Olympus at the <a href="http://goo.gl/maps/aoK1" target="_blank">Olympic National Forest</a>
which is about a 3 hour drive to the west, on a peninsula (created
during the last glaciation) of its own. This mountain was formed from
the <a href="http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/Washington/OlympicMountains/description_olympic_mountains.html" target="_blank">accretion of the sea floor</a>
as subduction occurred on the west coast. Thus, unlike the Cascades to the east, this is a
mountain made up of shales and sandstones and not volcanics. This is
the most NW i've been in the continental US. </div>
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Mt. Olympus in the very distant background or where the road seems to end at. </div>
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Google did take us on an exhilarating
ride along steep slopes on one side and up the slope of the mountain and
we came across some land where the trees were cut down.</div>
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Trees cut down by the <a href="http://www.greendiamond.com/issues-educational-links/green-diamond-fact-sheet/" target="_blank">Green Diamond Resource Company</a> in the Olympic National Forest. Another sight i wasn't expecting.<br />
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The
drive led up to where it started raining to a point where we couldn't
see the road, so we decided to turn back. Rain is a typical occurring on
the west side of the mountains here and this includes Seattle. Not a
day went by that it did not rain. Kind of a damper but we kept moving
east the next couple of days where it would rain less. </div>
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I will post about our drive to Mt. Rainier next.</div>
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<br /></div>Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-67203677716457734082011-07-29T10:55:00.000-07:002011-07-29T16:39:21.782-07:00Zebraic ChalcedonySome pictures of zebraic chalcedony from a silicified (turned into chert) stromatolitic sample from Missouri.<br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_GEOTU4tzrogmVqonmlX8rksDGLgLrk9lY6rh-O70docMDlMd2L-ldR66DtiPuLMgpvH_qic_P_wbC3srGifQAxk1GvmmjbiO6fDdo-vbKQhKtVo0EbYcFgDKs9kHX0WV_elrRpPZ9FE/s1600/W-28-2-I-4x-pl1.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 448px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_GEOTU4tzrogmVqonmlX8rksDGLgLrk9lY6rh-O70docMDlMd2L-ldR66DtiPuLMgpvH_qic_P_wbC3srGifQAxk1GvmmjbiO6fDdo-vbKQhKtVo0EbYcFgDKs9kHX0WV_elrRpPZ9FE/s400/W-28-2-I-4x-pl1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634836495835770770" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span>Zebraic chalcedony in a silicified stromatolitic sample in plain light. Same view as the cross-polarized view below. Refer to that for scale.<br />The black spots are remnant dolomite and some hydrocarbon (probably bitumen).<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjnaDW996BB9bfYQc6I8-FN8LlcKREGtUb4pE7Pygx2B6ZIV780Ob1WEnxgPWfURr_pBcEhkEg1BYnFiyeZKEIHg0HvUyfTgcvdulamRwSJn0H4-bx2wx-FIX15Dbs5fu9LnJZX1KNVho/s1600/W-28-2-I-4x-xp1.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 448px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjnaDW996BB9bfYQc6I8-FN8LlcKREGtUb4pE7Pygx2B6ZIV780Ob1WEnxgPWfURr_pBcEhkEg1BYnFiyeZKEIHg0HvUyfTgcvdulamRwSJn0H4-bx2wx-FIX15Dbs5fu9LnJZX1KNVho/s400/W-28-2-I-4x-xp1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634835599182673426" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />4x close up - the same crystal as below is 0.125mm<br />This zebraic chalcedony is thought to replace evaporites (McBride et. al, 1977) (e.g gypsum or halite).<br /><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj48sWVfbreENab7G_R-umiGvgHnlULmWnCAU2dfMFkiuWaNjNLqi07P0Fssx2J4IyFpKEc_zwRbc6jFX5oRvrPP-WOzEHUyjxgy0CN8GK_Ory1W0falyZWTyB_otU7lSge5Z6wdZlusNg/s1600/W-28-2-I-10x-xp1.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 448px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj48sWVfbreENab7G_R-umiGvgHnlULmWnCAU2dfMFkiuWaNjNLqi07P0Fssx2J4IyFpKEc_zwRbc6jFX5oRvrPP-WOzEHUyjxgy0CN8GK_Ory1W0falyZWTyB_otU7lSge5Z6wdZlusNg/s400/W-28-2-I-10x-xp1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634834543603178802" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />10x close up - the brightest (white) crystal in the center is 0.15mm.<br />Megaquartz is forming in the middle of the zebraic chalcedony splays.<br /><br /><br />Thus, the chances are that this stromatolite formed in an upper intertidal environment. 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mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">Mcbride, E. and Folk, R. 1977, The Caballos Novaculite revisited: Part II: Chert and Shale Members and Synthesis.</span><span style="font-size:85%;"> Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 47, n. 3, p. 1261-1286.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;">An addition of cooler chalcedony:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuC-UJ9RJb1gGf6F92vLLlSgjFYiqMA0hyXOIzmmxOxmH74wj9dGGCL_-qvGTl9z5UiZ8ZAsHl1zt5dMXuhplRmJPHPHdr5KqVbPIQaSdp9LNNygTlJFOM5LvbdaRrYbxAKnNQPoJ1gO8/s1600/W-28-2-II-10x-pl1.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 448px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuC-UJ9RJb1gGf6F92vLLlSgjFYiqMA0hyXOIzmmxOxmH74wj9dGGCL_-qvGTl9z5UiZ8ZAsHl1zt5dMXuhplRmJPHPHdr5KqVbPIQaSdp9LNNygTlJFOM5LvbdaRrYbxAKnNQPoJ1gO8/s400/W-28-2-II-10x-pl1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634920661105040546" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Chalcedony radiating fans of fibrous crystals. 10x magnification in plain light. Same stromatolite as the previous pictures. No idea what it is replacing though as dolomitization occurred prior to silicificaiton.<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihyNF4vbcK0FwVA9b8BQ2qccStW1fvSCokHl9BAQxFJbqh5WL_zzWSf3Uzlf97eKIZCm7LP6UUIeP-3NJ6oEwgnuuPdwq2lgEN-o5o2pH03EFlxdkVhTHiGhq74dIIup_bXkO6INNDLZk/s1600/W-28-2-II-10x-xp1.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 448px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihyNF4vbcK0FwVA9b8BQ2qccStW1fvSCokHl9BAQxFJbqh5WL_zzWSf3Uzlf97eKIZCm7LP6UUIeP-3NJ6oEwgnuuPdwq2lgEN-o5o2pH03EFlxdkVhTHiGhq74dIIup_bXkO6INNDLZk/s400/W-28-2-II-10x-xp1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5634920994351619842" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Same as above picture. 10x in cross polars. Megaquartz filling in the rest of the pore.</p><p class="MsoNormal">Fans are so cool! No pun intended there :D<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-71124196279699752292011-07-22T11:51:00.000-07:002011-07-27T09:51:49.608-07:00Plane geology and other observationsMy flight to San Francisco starting from Wichita led me to Minneapolis which in turn flew to SFO.<br /><br />On the flight to Minneapolis, being a day flight, I stole the window seat on the plane. I doubt the other passenger noticed, especially since he had an aura of alcohol which i could smell before he even sat down!<br /><br />Since I did not have my camera on me, I kept a note of all the different streams that I came across as the plane flew below the clouds. 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mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style> <![endif]-->105<span style="">° day with no clouds was a great day to fly! Cloud cover mostly started to appear closer to Minneapolis and then on the flight to SFO.<br /><br />The most noticeable geology features on the flight to Minneapolis were the different types of streams. So there are 4 different <a href="http://itc.gsw.edu/faculty/bcarter/physgeol/river/types.htm">types of streams</a> in general. Straight, alluvial fan type, braided, and meandering.<br /><br />Meandering streams are mostly common on flatter lands. Most of the meandering streams on this route had bars within them. These bars as you will see in the figures below were probably old point bars that became isolated from the bank as the water made it's way around it. In time, these bars became stable and then grass & shrubs started to grow on it. Now this is east of the Rockies and the rivers in the Central Plains and north of that are mostly meandering and most of them drain into the Mississippi River. Here are my observations:<br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDfe388aJ0k8Z156tl6y0WzV6nhI-pLHCF2PWNGK948wqSxXCeIgBR7idbGw1yWsIjoew42PIKUaYsgL_Lp__tAKTVlYVmpkQKiI2f7dZmQdEqesiypl-p4n4pUppvCLKxVRz9WRWtTxk/s1600/Streams-east-of-the-rockies.gif"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 359px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDfe388aJ0k8Z156tl6y0WzV6nhI-pLHCF2PWNGK948wqSxXCeIgBR7idbGw1yWsIjoew42PIKUaYsgL_Lp__tAKTVlYVmpkQKiI2f7dZmQdEqesiypl-p4n4pUppvCLKxVRz9WRWtTxk/s400/Streams-east-of-the-rockies.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633504552387480818" border="0" /></a><br /><span style=""><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />The 1st meandering stream that I paid most attention to was a huge river which was closer to being straight than meandering like Fig. 1, but it still had the noticeable point bars. This stream also had bars within the channel that had shrubs/trees growing on it. So these bars were stable and weren't being eroded off enough which allowed plants to grow on them. As i mentioned earlier, these bars were probably created by the water moving around existing point bars.<br /><br />The other streams that i noticed were highly meandering streams. Whilst some had bars within the channel (Fig. 2), others did not (Fig. 3).<br /><br />Then getting excited to see the Rockies again, I decided to keep my camera on me on the flight to SFO. Here's what I noticed on the flight:<br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR-ERWDsRtMVzXlb0gjbHxyp4qUZkryL_pXB9ahF08Dp8d6oi00HzIP7Y9rCgpS7QXGdTisEcJEG-s7B08jw7_BbPP48Qp9iusofACg1Hf5H_sfZ2Ebmr-s6m9DtI5nhYXSxD7A2zDhTY/s1600/100_0465.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 561px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR-ERWDsRtMVzXlb0gjbHxyp4qUZkryL_pXB9ahF08Dp8d6oi00HzIP7Y9rCgpS7QXGdTisEcJEG-s7B08jw7_BbPP48Qp9iusofACg1Hf5H_sfZ2Ebmr-s6m9DtI5nhYXSxD7A2zDhTY/s400/100_0465.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632274940003988946" border="0" /></a><br /><span style=""><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Red beds of possibly the Chugwater Formation (a sandstone deposited during the Triassic period of about 250-200my) in Wyoming.<br /><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHeLEgXziJ77t1L9ah-nfhWfftBrB1FNcWfgUCywRpnSwolY0qbvV1szJ3T4g4RmOGeinVpslKPB286nvnkHElJdGlvL9KsR1lHNURntH05HwRk9HkEiXWlfAW6HGuo-OM_cOEW1X98U0/s1600/100_0471.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 562px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHeLEgXziJ77t1L9ah-nfhWfftBrB1FNcWfgUCywRpnSwolY0qbvV1szJ3T4g4RmOGeinVpslKPB286nvnkHElJdGlvL9KsR1lHNURntH05HwRk9HkEiXWlfAW6HGuo-OM_cOEW1X98U0/s400/100_0471.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632378917826260690" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="">This highly meandering stream seen (in WY) where the floodplain (green) is well developed is lying in a valley.<br /><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ9GnjdsWIRNXdVV7q6RYv6M5VR91mKcyZ3N-aiEDeH4ZIfNYM5DqJfo02byA3Y9TxskKe_YWNbqm6FYvwbOGrKSItuxbj6Q9n2KvDhim1R9Nyi_02GCGon2VpWyfZkOW2Ut14qt0kcJE/s1600/100_0472.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 561px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQ9GnjdsWIRNXdVV7q6RYv6M5VR91mKcyZ3N-aiEDeH4ZIfNYM5DqJfo02byA3Y9TxskKe_YWNbqm6FYvwbOGrKSItuxbj6Q9n2KvDhim1R9Nyi_02GCGon2VpWyfZkOW2Ut14qt0kcJE/s400/100_0472.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632386175344475858" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="">And so here are the Rockies in Wyoming.<br /><br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIp6fH9T4V12EV1Xw7M1J6Yq-Y1bBXF0znTGKpYf7YTrDKBRcoIkhPEfgnAef_uelOHeaJ_KkBZoackbDpBIwMb_10nTv-7s8tA-QtcnMmr77faKGhXD6FEstohAgt7XJL4r-kpPM4cuc/s1600/100_0474.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIp6fH9T4V12EV1Xw7M1J6Yq-Y1bBXF0znTGKpYf7YTrDKBRcoIkhPEfgnAef_uelOHeaJ_KkBZoackbDpBIwMb_10nTv-7s8tA-QtcnMmr77faKGhXD6FEstohAgt7XJL4r-kpPM4cuc/s400/100_0474.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632387363288994690" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />First time seeing the Great Salt Lake in Utah. This very arid lake is surrounded by evaporites (white) and longshore currents are creating <a href="http://faculty.gvsu.edu/videticp/beach_drift.htm">groin</a>-like structures in the evaporites if you look closer to the bottom (lake portion) of the picture.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrYLogpvpAOy4CZMv9fxTx54uguPkuq3SVIU0HEgmgsGURfcMomeKeJhkjT-qWKvaIKCtz6ULHaERlhhyphenhyphen2YBaIEmgVJ33O2HDQBeBPXSICUK-PEdP5iAWsXWkiYkEA13OqcmNXSfWHuqU/s1600/000_0013.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrYLogpvpAOy4CZMv9fxTx54uguPkuq3SVIU0HEgmgsGURfcMomeKeJhkjT-qWKvaIKCtz6ULHaERlhhyphenhyphen2YBaIEmgVJ33O2HDQBeBPXSICUK-PEdP5iAWsXWkiYkEA13OqcmNXSfWHuqU/s400/000_0013.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632587762223888706" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />First time seeing Lake Tahoe that is right on the border of Nevada & California. I wouldn't have known it was that lake if it wasn't for the nice lady sitting next to me. First thing I noticed was that it was smaller than the Great Salt Lake and was set between the mountains (Sierra Nevadas).<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ4997Y61gT4b-82qcDfrUa-kdQSADrm0U6HUUwN2ibXUn6Ez5avIyJY9QK5mSuON3C5m7RDTbtM-3Fz-qJx5YLNWUb3SUtS3oQLAuqIYMfWq06CmWemIAE250V7uwI6cUxfrLHZfk-sI/s1600/000_0014.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ4997Y61gT4b-82qcDfrUa-kdQSADrm0U6HUUwN2ibXUn6Ez5avIyJY9QK5mSuON3C5m7RDTbtM-3Fz-qJx5YLNWUb3SUtS3oQLAuqIYMfWq06CmWemIAE250V7uwI6cUxfrLHZfk-sI/s400/000_0014.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632590901366573586" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Low cloud hanging over a bridge (not sure which one) in the San Francisco area.<br /><br /><br />The rest of the pictures are taken once i got off from the plane.<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKdYU_PPAo7iIPNEHeYrk8zDTagA5Jog4zKy0aybcxBBJuSg-b9LS_kyHZFqqzaM3SlD-XrJ3Gsj1mmgWIProZ8DjXp2vI113QNCOBSYGGzoYtE7f8Jxri1QZ3__ruDF6IQFfJRIOCLTM/s1600/100_0478.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 561px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKdYU_PPAo7iIPNEHeYrk8zDTagA5Jog4zKy0aybcxBBJuSg-b9LS_kyHZFqqzaM3SlD-XrJ3Gsj1mmgWIProZ8DjXp2vI113QNCOBSYGGzoYtE7f8Jxri1QZ3__ruDF6IQFfJRIOCLTM/s400/100_0478.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632592355557655666" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />This is the <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&ll=37.603504,-122.374027&spn=0.001445,0.003664&t=h&z=19">view of the the bay</a> in Milbrae, California and the run way where the planes land at the San Francisco airport. If you look closer at the bay area in between the run way and the land, you'll see that there is a little channel in between the algae. Photo taken at 1pm.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQtVdjZj3ur2firsBz3cEHNly6ntqasovzFjCZuIQeM57onu8hBo9qBqvvmct8bbVzuxb0anAfuif7rKS3dFqXcgerbC4Zx7ENVy6P63-NEKMdB2MNwwwvwLA_v3KWbWvrjv9qZ19ooIo/s1600/100_0482.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQtVdjZj3ur2firsBz3cEHNly6ntqasovzFjCZuIQeM57onu8hBo9qBqvvmct8bbVzuxb0anAfuif7rKS3dFqXcgerbC4Zx7ENVy6P63-NEKMdB2MNwwwvwLA_v3KWbWvrjv9qZ19ooIo/s400/100_0482.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632593945726192706" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Here's a close up view of that channel.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIq5o4U0LmC_pmL1oqcyqUctWaXU5_RjGdmj4dWim4Z4ALO5yp6leFHXn1YnYFnpL8x6P-aZUM34GFbA7oj4CxmzU8qfwMU1NkkNlFbdfXNRzUaYiZ5gRJ27o6HCv6cVbS8GPYJw3FbhU/s1600/100_0490.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIq5o4U0LmC_pmL1oqcyqUctWaXU5_RjGdmj4dWim4Z4ALO5yp6leFHXn1YnYFnpL8x6P-aZUM34GFbA7oj4CxmzU8qfwMU1NkkNlFbdfXNRzUaYiZ5gRJ27o6HCv6cVbS8GPYJw3FbhU/s400/100_0490.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632594947674595986" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Here's that same area at 3pm. The water has risen and is flooding over the algae.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnanNusvTZHMiFlHgweKLB6rmIWGJF-sFYbihuRcOKxhq5e1d6csZgU3iqi2OyxAxTR2k7HIIvhxVjqsqYSKwWGS60hxbCm6UTjCDIkh6bri1vGX3XTIosGG5qTxj2WQ-ptIa9oRDe7ts/s1600/100_0491.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnanNusvTZHMiFlHgweKLB6rmIWGJF-sFYbihuRcOKxhq5e1d6csZgU3iqi2OyxAxTR2k7HIIvhxVjqsqYSKwWGS60hxbCm6UTjCDIkh6bri1vGX3XTIosGG5qTxj2WQ-ptIa9oRDe7ts/s400/100_0491.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632595749999453282" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Same view with plane landing :D<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWBahBrq_kpwcaKXXvqlKPkuJjTNzbtdqpja7TKVoHBItXykgnXJlYTzbYfgHxgxeQ_57ahBSVDBn1FuecvfZuUQywmaO9MBwuUr5IhTaokfzUgi3PazKKWorQi6ototNhBmS1BxdawkI/s1600/100_0492.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWBahBrq_kpwcaKXXvqlKPkuJjTNzbtdqpja7TKVoHBItXykgnXJlYTzbYfgHxgxeQ_57ahBSVDBn1FuecvfZuUQywmaO9MBwuUr5IhTaokfzUgi3PazKKWorQi6ototNhBmS1BxdawkI/s400/100_0492.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632597241938173522" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Same view at 4pm. The algae is all flooded!<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib-C7IdEA7oA_1sNbJeJQMbzzQ1NlB6jt4x-6BK1eXOP5x8cyT5g7M5Ax7nucZh3fWaX7qKPy_43B1rWzpD2fjizB8q4QtfRGXoczidZgHbGsRApEOD-upEXMl_FxUzK6pa09vrnImzJQ/s1600/100_0493.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib-C7IdEA7oA_1sNbJeJQMbzzQ1NlB6jt4x-6BK1eXOP5x8cyT5g7M5Ax7nucZh3fWaX7qKPy_43B1rWzpD2fjizB8q4QtfRGXoczidZgHbGsRApEOD-upEXMl_FxUzK6pa09vrnImzJQ/s400/100_0493.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5632597803021994946" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Same area at 6pm with the grassy area flooded! The bay water rose quite a bit throughout the course of the day.<br /><br /><br /><br />The following 2 pics are close up views of the channel inlets<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix46pg_xZbjeewzYTLAKkkzK7b_mhPOMVKa4wmi-wmVUK-4joEj60VICoz94LVc0zD1r23aG7iA277md9i8qfcpm2A76eEuqAnnnBOK41e_6us_pqJBWP3T-7fQ1Jmeaxvm1BsXITqr88/s1600/100_0494.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix46pg_xZbjeewzYTLAKkkzK7b_mhPOMVKa4wmi-wmVUK-4joEj60VICoz94LVc0zD1r23aG7iA277md9i8qfcpm2A76eEuqAnnnBOK41e_6us_pqJBWP3T-7fQ1Jmeaxvm1BsXITqr88/s400/100_0494.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633421359238113346" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaNM_b4F7GrkZUv87iEYxxEl7VnFjkwk-ZRRpeneuiAo98e_yc2QHNLMv_zyP_yhl4CjbKqIGX3pOHnQolddfzJwcX4oDG69w801tTtzbtvb8wdLJfZgsH4JGzzbiPP0H920B5XItS6Cw/s1600/100_0502.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaNM_b4F7GrkZUv87iEYxxEl7VnFjkwk-ZRRpeneuiAo98e_yc2QHNLMv_zyP_yhl4CjbKqIGX3pOHnQolddfzJwcX4oDG69w801tTtzbtvb8wdLJfZgsH4JGzzbiPP0H920B5XItS6Cw/s400/100_0502.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633421573450563010" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWhMADZ670SMmTNtXhC4WcNvyGnAnRCtdrwJ3mENlzlHQQDbt0ISsUd4Bg0XEIWB1q-j9w_IBKjTcEQQbcI7gp1sv65zgVTIDYnUfpL4Fj3Ebe091ELEMTGpTVY9YEpmefZD_e65OZOY4/s1600/100_0509.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWhMADZ670SMmTNtXhC4WcNvyGnAnRCtdrwJ3mENlzlHQQDbt0ISsUd4Bg0XEIWB1q-j9w_IBKjTcEQQbcI7gp1sv65zgVTIDYnUfpL4Fj3Ebe091ELEMTGpTVY9YEpmefZD_e65OZOY4/s400/100_0509.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633421862074020034" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />A variety of birds were feeding on the insects (?) within the algae and I caught a close up. My guess is these are Marbled Godwits but I am no bird watcher.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4iGsysLzWKaG9_ZvkwvbXZJyjHqFYuxUfJtd3ve4g9jeEVNVwaZy1g1mfQkKAi-XFMV6TM-k_lhz527Xnn6HNd8r939ihJHdMnwJM5jrmexU2LW-lz1qhr9p_uRnX8yahDUmArffbWvs/s1600/100_0512.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4iGsysLzWKaG9_ZvkwvbXZJyjHqFYuxUfJtd3ve4g9jeEVNVwaZy1g1mfQkKAi-XFMV6TM-k_lhz527Xnn6HNd8r939ihJHdMnwJM5jrmexU2LW-lz1qhr9p_uRnX8yahDUmArffbWvs/s400/100_0512.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633422360573534130" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />These are a type of Brodiaea (?) found close to the channel. I saw these abundantly growing around the bay area.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkzTu2DdKDXOGz7xtECFjgRDBvkysuaJfSGX9BrWHjeOvkRX0NpIDMRCAy-UfpqZlYvVBnkO_HI-cgZAQZPmSEMIhSFwJyQFs0JtIC4XcFP5y6DdPIvf5-ZKyrdrOw32ku0w73__nSaCs/s1600/100_0522.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 420px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkzTu2DdKDXOGz7xtECFjgRDBvkysuaJfSGX9BrWHjeOvkRX0NpIDMRCAy-UfpqZlYvVBnkO_HI-cgZAQZPmSEMIhSFwJyQFs0JtIC4XcFP5y6DdPIvf5-ZKyrdrOw32ku0w73__nSaCs/s400/100_0522.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633422550048267506" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />At the <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Ocean+Avenue,+San+Francisco,+CA&hl=en&ll=37.777143,-122.512751&spn=0.008158,0.029311&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=33.489543,86.572266&t=h&z=16">Ocean Beach</a> (at the Pacific Ocean) in western San Francisco. This is a rocky beach where cliffs are found near the ocean as you see here. Those rocky islands seen off in the distance is the <a href="http://www.cliffhouseproject.com/environs/sealrocks/sealrocks.htm">Seal Rocks </a>where sea lions used to roost at.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3n6c9iNj78-smCgxBjvJGMRSP7ff8AWKNr1s0IEZQKzJuF42FRels7ygWQWdd33oCZ-VAaUikSS5LTFbSgMYM4kW-jCwbuUPk24-7jDh7w_NSIesX-qjxP5-sJ4-7FQmI92kF_e-smd8/s1600/100_0531.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3n6c9iNj78-smCgxBjvJGMRSP7ff8AWKNr1s0IEZQKzJuF42FRels7ygWQWdd33oCZ-VAaUikSS5LTFbSgMYM4kW-jCwbuUPk24-7jDh7w_NSIesX-qjxP5-sJ4-7FQmI92kF_e-smd8/s400/100_0531.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633443527316395490" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Now there are only sea gulls and pelicans perking on the island.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaJXL9UIT8xHK2Gps1pBosas1G9hJvpQW6vSmiS8R5jVJ1bH4fYQoZfVfCav-yAbuP2szEN-P2hsM261kkakZsqVYgmrlbE-j8pUfhjUqRaxmzLaiROu9-oEacmJ0_4ZPsBwRlxNALwEA/s1600/100_0533.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaJXL9UIT8xHK2Gps1pBosas1G9hJvpQW6vSmiS8R5jVJ1bH4fYQoZfVfCav-yAbuP2szEN-P2hsM261kkakZsqVYgmrlbE-j8pUfhjUqRaxmzLaiROu9-oEacmJ0_4ZPsBwRlxNALwEA/s400/100_0533.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633444152950762258" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />And then there are sea caves that have been created by the sea eroding away that sandstone cliff that is part of the Santa Cruz mountains.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis2jazVYaE7aE3XhsXrQf-4bOGFA8OWKIe0YiS6Vpj34MIj_0BpG4UDXmGfzOiPQE4JjfvFTZmTxi9Tvhr1AQD5z1dNEiGwcP1O-jU1al1LUizeEvAGd04NYb2ne5YGBPyQ_ivxml86vE/s1600/100_0546.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEis2jazVYaE7aE3XhsXrQf-4bOGFA8OWKIe0YiS6Vpj34MIj_0BpG4UDXmGfzOiPQE4JjfvFTZmTxi9Tvhr1AQD5z1dNEiGwcP1O-jU1al1LUizeEvAGd04NYb2ne5YGBPyQ_ivxml86vE/s400/100_0546.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633449612391555858" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Highly eroded cliff face that's overlooking the Ocean Beach.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiskUjq05W1AxwaPkC0UhyAfiQHtQxJT408nPlXuZG_BDGTWKU3KuWK864EAlQDV5aoS5dFDKJL1EDZ_vzcH5tCXDOvEYCBpEDoo3sipN_MBBu6HgYwDispwPi2vL_HqpMFWyakLSBJK2E/s1600/100_0568.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiskUjq05W1AxwaPkC0UhyAfiQHtQxJT408nPlXuZG_BDGTWKU3KuWK864EAlQDV5aoS5dFDKJL1EDZ_vzcH5tCXDOvEYCBpEDoo3sipN_MBBu6HgYwDispwPi2vL_HqpMFWyakLSBJK2E/s400/100_0568.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633452641313962754" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />A platform jutting out into the Pacific Ocean at <a href="http://maps.google.com/maps?q=Muir+Beach,+CA&hl=en&ll=37.859794,-122.576652&spn=0.002058,0.005284&sll=37.0625,-95.677068&sspn=33.489543,86.572266&t=h&z=18">Muir Beach</a> north of the San Francisco Bay.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzfttXAiEeYejtTxn_FSKbktaEvrqQdp64DkowVNH8jsY6EFZmTanT5mm_uDjpccf4LkRR2WtqoCX2AC2XyGvAEOTPsmwHHnY9p8AcUii55McTUSGSB5RsP8kqkNEtn68jQWB4bHlgXCE/s1600/100_0567.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzfttXAiEeYejtTxn_FSKbktaEvrqQdp64DkowVNH8jsY6EFZmTanT5mm_uDjpccf4LkRR2WtqoCX2AC2XyGvAEOTPsmwHHnY9p8AcUii55McTUSGSB5RsP8kqkNEtn68jQWB4bHlgXCE/s400/100_0567.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633448973049745250" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Little lagoon hidden away behind the Muir Beach.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxKROPL8MvJ30wEzEk-ybsYT7MbeSQZBNCo2UF8y10ZO9TYfJu4pyBviu7Y4v6iBSMgjogNn6YwrhaNQOBCL3QJOkuk1oLwr5XoqdOgVy7-J2lZoLh8gSoi-AovQKhZDuAwnVyK5j-SJI/s1600/100_0576.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxKROPL8MvJ30wEzEk-ybsYT7MbeSQZBNCo2UF8y10ZO9TYfJu4pyBviu7Y4v6iBSMgjogNn6YwrhaNQOBCL3QJOkuk1oLwr5XoqdOgVy7-J2lZoLh8gSoi-AovQKhZDuAwnVyK5j-SJI/s400/100_0576.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633454394383228194" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Then I came across an authentic Sri Lankan restaurant (<a href="http://www.kadupul.us/">Kadupul</a>). I was dying to get some good Sri Lankan food since there is none anyway within or in the vicinity of Kansas.<br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxI-Gcdl2xIhw7QDMjAtjTwtpFr100l1auzWu20XbLQ6FPrGNnLnP-CJlgmyplYlsrA2fV1q3yXtJ7zy5vLk_LjGSo5PpaNBca7EMCw05FeNWEMATFtY87E4BFYVCZNHjQ5EcQyS2qYk/s1600/100_0583.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 419px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgoxI-Gcdl2xIhw7QDMjAtjTwtpFr100l1auzWu20XbLQ6FPrGNnLnP-CJlgmyplYlsrA2fV1q3yXtJ7zy5vLk_LjGSo5PpaNBca7EMCw05FeNWEMATFtY87E4BFYVCZNHjQ5EcQyS2qYk/s400/100_0583.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633455270502136978" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Had some delicious and spicy lamprice (or lamprie). A dutch influenced dish which consisted of rice cooked in stock with fried fish, poached egg, fried brinjals, a fish cutlet (the brown ball seen in the background), caramelized onions (aka seeni sambol), and fried plantains, all on a banana leaf. It was DELICHE!<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqoygKCg-9YpjIrc3H54joceU3DAGcnYIx8Te6vAU8VUEYnwxh3Oue_CsMjORpYKUJQQbyUGOy8iB2T-dblc_qUGLGsz7i7P0SX1Xx8n18OYpCk2RNXz6h_YNF_l8tB7Q4aWdvZrsLyR8/s1600/100_0579.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 747px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqoygKCg-9YpjIrc3H54joceU3DAGcnYIx8Te6vAU8VUEYnwxh3Oue_CsMjORpYKUJQQbyUGOy8iB2T-dblc_qUGLGsz7i7P0SX1Xx8n18OYpCk2RNXz6h_YNF_l8tB7Q4aWdvZrsLyR8/s400/100_0579.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633456321792507490" border="0" /></a><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br /><br /></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />To taste a <a href="http://www.fruitipedia.com/wood_apple%20Feronia%20limonia.htm">wood apple </a>drink again topped with ice cream was heavenly!<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhctTQAz0bV4HLn-n2rOtsK7FRt5Ci2h4sfwRdHKhDdUzSaeH7oDKckiYqPxZ9ULiBhXab_KfNC0YF7E5ACzG_ca1s1_QwSI3xLNC6VfojXM3hUYj0YKS7m24_qu0ibDFsglIlJOtes9QE/s1600/100_0581.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 747px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhctTQAz0bV4HLn-n2rOtsK7FRt5Ci2h4sfwRdHKhDdUzSaeH7oDKckiYqPxZ9ULiBhXab_KfNC0YF7E5ACzG_ca1s1_QwSI3xLNC6VfojXM3hUYj0YKS7m24_qu0ibDFsglIlJOtes9QE/s400/100_0581.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633456682162558978" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />And Krishna ended up having a Sri Lankan biriyani. It was a tad spicier than what we expected! Was made of fried rice with cashews, raisens, a poached egg, and a variety of vegetables.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />On the plane back to Kansas, not having a camera, I made more drawings of fluvial (river) geology.<br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI7SA43BeC9V_jz-l8Ryhakuf6gDQVN_dD2qrXm22BurqkZOGDogUIhVz4wNSCvSXvBjSjbm2Jj3J6EEUXldBjoXD2OgkXPm7Vn67jJt-eelVSYQFrvGhpy3PFh8E9auvbERgMBvLDe2Q/s1600/Streams-within-the-Sierra-N.gif"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 503px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhI7SA43BeC9V_jz-l8Ryhakuf6gDQVN_dD2qrXm22BurqkZOGDogUIhVz4wNSCvSXvBjSjbm2Jj3J6EEUXldBjoXD2OgkXPm7Vn67jJt-eelVSYQFrvGhpy3PFh8E9auvbERgMBvLDe2Q/s400/Streams-within-the-Sierra-N.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633463991307046242" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Braided streams are more common within a mountainous range. This is what I observed which I believe were in the Sierra Nevadas. There were of course meandering rivers like in the following picture.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBp8OF1-LcuM1RGaRcGgsbeRyk-J9vHZzXS7DSEA4qpmT2YspK7E_4TMo10wYccxBa1SSGpU13bj5oWswnrqjPRP-N7sS6ih2YiWtH3nRWIME7US2Wl0-AkPU2nHcntDX6jYauXBVyMiU/s1600/Salty-lake-in-UT-CO.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 560px; height: 388px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBp8OF1-LcuM1RGaRcGgsbeRyk-J9vHZzXS7DSEA4qpmT2YspK7E_4TMo10wYccxBa1SSGpU13bj5oWswnrqjPRP-N7sS6ih2YiWtH3nRWIME7US2Wl0-AkPU2nHcntDX6jYauXBVyMiU/s400/Salty-lake-in-UT-CO.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5633459709245926754" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Here's an attempt on a panoramic view from my phone camera of a salty lake (Great Salt lake again?) possibly near the Colorado/Utah border.<br /><br />And so my observations ended there as night befell the rest of the journey back.<br /><br />I have to give a lot of credit to my boyfriend for sponsoring my trip to San Francisco as I observed and learned a lot during the trip.Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-44734497571454885432011-07-15T13:52:00.000-07:002011-08-08T09:14:15.968-07:00Different types of groundsSo I started taking a closer look at how a transgressive lag would be identified. A transgressive lag (Fig. 1) is a deposit that you find at the base of a sequence of rocks that occur from the rise of the sea level or as the shoreline moves landwards.
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<br />Transgressive lags are associated with ravinement surfaces. A ravinement surface (Fig. 1, 4) is the surface that gets scoured off as the "front" of the sea makes it's way landwards.
<br />Fig. 1 shows a general idea of how a transgressive lag with a ravinement surface is formed.
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<br /><img src="file:///C:/Users/JENNYJ%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-3.png" alt="" /><img src="file:///C:/Users/JENNYJ%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-4.png" alt="" /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9vn1Y34wHGALrOiQNE7m797YVNiLxhOtoDn35-6GijaRklP89kaG3VvoLQ7RT3BsTwFOuOqgyccp3I6sI9BXSICwHrWiXwinsNjTVjekino-xmpeX6h_xUypCQTf9ffSDqDuPiV9nUAg/s1600/transgressive+lag.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 260px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9vn1Y34wHGALrOiQNE7m797YVNiLxhOtoDn35-6GijaRklP89kaG3VvoLQ7RT3BsTwFOuOqgyccp3I6sI9BXSICwHrWiXwinsNjTVjekino-xmpeX6h_xUypCQTf9ffSDqDuPiV9nUAg/s320/transgressive+lag.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629695650337822178" border="0" /></a>
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<br />Fig. 1
<br />Regression is the opposite of transgression, when the sea level drops or the shoreline moves towards the sea.
<br />You can find this picture in the <a href="http://sepmstrata.org/terminology/transgressive-lag.html">SEPM website</a>
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<br />At this ravinement surface, certain types of ichnofacies (eg. Glossifungites in Fig. 1, 4) or rocks that contain traces left behind by organisms (eg. as they burrow) can be found. The type of ichnofacies (which in turn depends on the type of organism creating the trace fossil or ichnofossil) depends on the different types of grounds.
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<br />So let's look at 4 types of grounds:
<br />1) Softground
<br />2) Firmground
<br />3) Hardground
<br />4) Woodground
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<br />All these grounds are exactly as the word says.
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<br />1) A <span style="font-weight: bold;">softground </span>is loose material that is wet and has not been compacted and consolidated into rock yet. For eg. the top layer of a beach (Fig. 2, 3). Many different ichnofacies can occur here. Refer to the picture <a href="http://sepmstrata.org/terminology/ichnofacies.html">here</a> to get an idea. A softground is probably not going to show up in a ravinement surface or any other geological record because it is easily eroded away.
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<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4cyxvpU1EbqYxBu1HoUD2SpilL10NNx-axqc52cgNLQPUAkTbrftHZYH_Y-NNqeA1vXCzDkXlc3UKc9QZBV0UL0XgAUbuh0di290ey4RWvgP_TQjGuU3Jdrc5u8_0K9r-SwXNUjbKHbc/s1600/DSC03859.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4cyxvpU1EbqYxBu1HoUD2SpilL10NNx-axqc52cgNLQPUAkTbrftHZYH_Y-NNqeA1vXCzDkXlc3UKc9QZBV0UL0XgAUbuh0di290ey4RWvgP_TQjGuU3Jdrc5u8_0K9r-SwXNUjbKHbc/s200/DSC03859.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629702029065274578" border="0" /></a>
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<br />Fig. 2
<br />Softground. Beach sand forming dunes (that will turn into cross bedding if it gets compacted and preserved) with organic material (dark layers in the top right) from the lagoon behind.
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Northeast Trincomalee, Sri Lanka 2009.</span>
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<br />2) A <span style="font-weight: bold;">firmground </span>is loose material that has been compacted and most of the water been removed by the compaction from the sediment at the top. Fig. 3, 4.
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<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6MgvAzwhU28aEEBUESAKV_C1DcKw0bx9_ZQUATNCdXtxXIuQ3eQddYscxirnIoneiwFuLOEzBanDlnJnCwb0kXaBNGjXHzn51F0La2NAvSx9Tz3ptt5k5zP6tCT3y68mG7NEIClX9rcY/s1600/soft-%2526-firm-grounds.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 206px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6MgvAzwhU28aEEBUESAKV_C1DcKw0bx9_ZQUATNCdXtxXIuQ3eQddYscxirnIoneiwFuLOEzBanDlnJnCwb0kXaBNGjXHzn51F0La2NAvSx9Tz3ptt5k5zP6tCT3y68mG7NEIClX9rcY/s400/soft-%2526-firm-grounds.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629709399103430658" border="0" /></a>Fig. 3
<br />Softground is found at the top and firmground a little below the surface. The black layers are organic material. Of course since this picture is showing the layers being eroded away by the water, you don't see the firmground being very firm!
<br />Note the possible cross bedding being formed at the bottom of the pic where the water is. This is a little behind in location from Fig. 1.
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Northeast Trincomalee, Sri Lanka 2009.</span>
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<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinPHejCx-y0cUlY60JycsqoDnCuOn2KHmMEYvNjNUvl34o9S3RIUwXdNm3cCRd4j0BHi7wo0jiOnW-Asah6AeTCaxEBCANKhxrBSgd6MybtNMdOydUlKkXGvJL9ZJ5IuHSmwh9J3XgMS0/s1600/glossifungites.gif"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 360px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinPHejCx-y0cUlY60JycsqoDnCuOn2KHmMEYvNjNUvl34o9S3RIUwXdNm3cCRd4j0BHi7wo0jiOnW-Asah6AeTCaxEBCANKhxrBSgd6MybtNMdOydUlKkXGvJL9ZJ5IuHSmwh9J3XgMS0/s400/glossifungites.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629713684431404082" border="0" /></a>
<br />Fig. 4
<br />Glossifungites ichnofacies on firmground from the Pleistocene (2.6my to 11,000y). These trace fossils have been made by mud shrimp (<span style="font-style: italic;">Upogebia pugettensis</span>).The softground has been eroded away. This surface would be a ravinement surface.
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Goose Point at Willapa Bay, WA. Photo by M. K. Gingras from Catuneanu, 2006, p. 38.</span>
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<br />3) A <span style="font-weight: bold;">hardground </span>is material (mostly those that trickle down onto the ocean floor) that has been compacted, de-watered, and cemented into rock and can usually be found at the bottom of a column of water like the ocean floor where the water has been above the sediment for a while. You can find more on hardgrounds <a href="http://sepmstrata.org/MARINESEDIMENTS/CarbonateSlopes/webpage-biology.htm">here</a>.
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<br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihVHsBIgsHQAWSwaz7ZTuCFjIE38VRL045HquLWeOtsOA72_yW_5moohDEDpByMpg8RZr5jJvTh-SOsoM2r9u_skGYGMeBSCy1_ZChZRYtrNipXWS6aqPivjphX5skAlQknBGu2DFdvAM/s1600/DSC01725.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihVHsBIgsHQAWSwaz7ZTuCFjIE38VRL045HquLWeOtsOA72_yW_5moohDEDpByMpg8RZr5jJvTh-SOsoM2r9u_skGYGMeBSCy1_ZChZRYtrNipXWS6aqPivjphX5skAlQknBGu2DFdvAM/s400/DSC01725.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5629722199154660898" border="0" /></a>
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<br />Fig. 5
<br />Hardground formed during the Middle to Late Ordovician (472-444my) in an open marine environment. Bivalve fossils present.
<br />This picture does not however show a ravinement surface.
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;">Viola Limestone in the Arbuckle Mountains, OK, 2008.</span>
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<br />4) A <span style="font-weight: bold;">woodground </span>is separate from the soft-firm-hard-ground trio. It is material that is formed from the compaction of xylic (wood) material. These can usually be found where wooden material such as logs break down and compact or where compacted peat occur. These woodgrounds can contain ichnofossils called Teredolites thought to be created by certain bivalves. I don't have any clear pictures of this and none i can find on the internet either. Maybe if someone has one, they can contribute it? Here's the reference to <a href="http://jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/58/2/488">woodgrounds.</a> Unfortunately i don't have access to that paper, so if you do, do check it out and tell me about it. :D
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<br /><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Update I recently came across on Woodgrounds & Teredolites can be found </span><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 153);" href="http://dynamic-earth.blogspot.com/2011/08/teredolites-substrates-and-stratigraphy.html">here</a><span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> on a recent post by Eric from The Dynamic Earth.</span>
<br />
<br />There is a 5th type of ground called Soupground where the material is just slurry and constantly wet. But I would probably just put that in with softground as it is probably not going to show up in the geologic record! But it can most definitely be used as a descriptor for present times. So it should not be totally overlooked.
<br />
<br />You'll find some of the ichnofacies terms i have mentioned <a href="http://sepmstrata.org/terminology/ichnofacies.html">here</a>. And <a href="http://woostergeologists.scotblogs.wooster.edu/2011/07/10/wooster%E2%80%99s-fossil-of-the-week-ancient-shrimp-burrows-middle-jurassic-of-israel/">here's</a> a blog on a trace fossil on a hardground (during Middle Jurassic - 176 to 160my) in Israel by the Wooster geologists. They are HUGE!
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<br />If anyone has other pics to contribute of these different types of grounds, please do so! :D
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<br />
<br />
<br /><span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 153, 0);">References:</span>
<br />1) Posamentier, Henry W., and George P. Allen, 1999, Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy - Concepts and Applications, Society of Economic Petrologists and Paleontologists, p. 216.
<br />
<br />2) Catuneanu, O, 2006, Methods of Sequence Stratigraphy Analysis. In Principals of Sequence Stratigraphy, Elsevier, p. 375.Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-17390919370866473902011-07-09T17:53:00.000-07:002011-07-09T18:40:12.760-07:00Fanglomerates - deceptive but not if you take a closer lookThe new word I learned today is Fanglomerate. I think it's quite strange where I came across it. I'm currently reading a book about stromatolites (since after all my thesis work is about them), and one of the chapter's is explaining the physicochemobiogeo (hope that's a word! should i add nano?? ;D) changes that had occurred to the 3rd rock from the sun that caused the right environment for these organo-sedimentary structures to form. Suddenly the author decides to throw out the word fanglomerates as part of continental deposits created around 2.6-2.0 by. So ofcourse my 1st reaction is that it's a conglomerate.....but why term <span style="font-weight: bold;">fang</span>lomerate? So unlike flakestone, there's plenty of descriptions and definitions about fanglomerates. Made me feel stupid of course! Didn't see the break down of the word to <span style="font-weight: bold;">fan</span>glomerate.....<br /><br />So to sum up what i've read about fanglomerates: these are conglomerates (my gut instinct has never failed me!) but those that are usually coalesced to form an alluvial fan. Thus they would mostly be found at mountain foothills where the mostly coarse (large) material eroded off the mountains mixed with finer material to form the fan at it's base or into a mountain lake and then was cemented and solidified into a rock.<br /><br />Here's the American Geologica Institute definition:<br /><a href="http://glossary.agiweb.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll">http://glossary.agiweb.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll</a><br /><br />So my question is, can a delta or deep water alluvial fan be called a fanglomerate too?<br /><br />And I have to give credit to a geologist Callan Bentley where he has a good picture of a fanglomerate that is found at a contact metamorphism near the Sierra Nevadas! Check out his blog & pictures:<br /><a href="http://mountainbeltway.wordpress.com/2010/04/02/baked-fanglomerate/">http://mountainbeltway.wordpress.com/2010/04/02/baked-fanglomerate/</a><br /><br />Now i understand why my professor goes off on a tangent every time she lectures! I went off on the biggest tangent yet enough to blog, whilst reading about stromatolites! :( Back to work!Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-75499117839915062102011-06-29T13:52:00.000-07:002011-06-29T15:24:11.488-07:00Flakestones - a self-explanatory wordI ran into the word flakestone as I was doing some reading on the Trucial Coast tidal flats. And even though the word is pretty self explanatory I wanted to find out what it actually meant and how it could form. So as usual I checked the internet's most reliable for definitions - google, Schlumberger's oilfield glossary, geology.com and about.com. Not getting anywhere, I decided to do some research and this is what I have come up with.<br /><br />As the name suggests, these are rocks made from flakes and may have different compositions. They may be of dolostones/dolomites (flake-breccias) origin (Fairchild, 1980) or<br />they may be of mudstone (mud-flake breccias) origin (Fairchild, 1980, <span class="nobr">Pickering, 2005).</span><br /><br />I have so far, mostly come up with them being formed in marine settings; be it shallow or deep, but that maybe because I am biased towards reading more about marine carbonates.<br /><br />In the shallow marine, these flakes are usually related to dessication cracks where after forming the cracks these flakes can be found within those cracks that are more susceptible to erosion as they get transported to those 'depressions'. (See figure below)<br /><br />Another creation of the flakes may be due to sliding or slumping of the material as found in the more deeper marine settings. And whence formed into a rock, it's called a flakestone.<br /><br /><img src="file:///C:/Users/JENNYJ%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot.png" alt="" /><img src="file:///C:/Users/JENNYJ%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-1.png" alt="" /><img src="file:///C:/Users/JENNYJ%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/moz-screenshot-2.png" alt="" /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3GydNfmPZYksRRycnv5oBdf6K0TApWrAJcVOvYyfUpOP2Cam7ICwk-CB8SvvOMVZCl4HW-nk3eU_ucqTdV93-UjPJXr1lyQkws87vJDyu3yBIzZG6Oh0G7BaaGL-M-cSfNOE9XZ7VikE/s1600/Dolomite+Flakes+in+pit.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 233px; height: 320px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3GydNfmPZYksRRycnv5oBdf6K0TApWrAJcVOvYyfUpOP2Cam7ICwk-CB8SvvOMVZCl4HW-nk3eU_ucqTdV93-UjPJXr1lyQkws87vJDyu3yBIzZG6Oh0G7BaaGL-M-cSfNOE9XZ7VikE/s320/Dolomite+Flakes+in+pit.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5623762513190676722" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></span>Flakestone portion as part of a flake pocket of dolostone flakes (Adapted from Fairchild, 1980)<br /><br /><br /><br />My initial idea was that these flakestones were similar to conglomerates. In a manner, they are a type of breccia more than conglomerate since they may form due to slides and slumps and are more pointy at both the edges.<br /><br />I hope one day that I will come across a flakestone and thus be no longer confused!<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span></span><br /><br /><br />References</span><br />Fairchild, I. J., 1980. Sedimentation and origin of a Late Precambrian 'Dolomite' from Scotland. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 50, n. 2, p. 0423-0446.<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span><p class="author"> <span class="nobr">Pickering, </span><span class="nobr">K. T.</span>, <span class="nobr">Corregidor, </span><span class="nobr">J</span><span style="font-size:100%;">., 2005. Mass-Transport Complexes (MTCs) and Tectonic Control on Basin-Floor Submarine Fans, Middle Eocene, South Spanish Pyrenees. Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 75, n. 5, p. 761-783.<br /></span></p>Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-44637504025192192012010-04-15T09:08:00.001-07:002010-04-15T09:51:14.615-07:00Commentry on Flock of DodosThe movie portrayed how the scientific community has a hard time in portraying their point of view to the general public and how it was easy for the Intelligent Designers to portray theirs.<br />Even though the producer was part of the scientific community, he was unbiased in portraying how the Intelligent Designers were able to clearly term their reasoning in simple words to the public. This of course makes the public understand and listen to them more. When the scientific community uses their scientific jargon, it is hard for the general public to understand.<br />The Intelligent Designers were definitely intelligent enough to come up with slogans that caught the eye of the public and were easy to say out loud. I think that is good strategy on their part, and the scientific community should definitely adapt that and instill it in the public school system to get students more interested in science.<br />Even though, they clearly identified their cause, the Intelligent Design in my opinion is another form of religion and religious views are usually easily adapted by public people since it explains something one cannot understand. Whereas, science still has a lot to prove. But you cannot have science if people are not interested in learning it and keep it moving forward to explain the unexplainable in a logical manner. Thus the scientific community clearly needs to portray that in simpler terms to the general public.Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-7458131521119367182010-03-31T19:03:00.000-07:002010-03-31T19:16:26.360-07:00Editing using PhotoshopHere is a coarse crystalline dolostone that was taken in the field at the Westphalia outcrop. If you want to get an idea where it is in the outcrop, it is found approximately between 13 and 15 meters on the stratigraphic column that I posted previously.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuDXmiYWnPoGnTZpl_NvN1BwAtAIoq_Qh_GX9hJmeLachbTc-KJoPOmQBrAvxjMe_aeFfDJmVXqJb1YtxBbn-NuJ18EwXHQGkGQGPZmD7PTd6MvoIwLgpDX0sDjI9UwJDvQsZGEQCL40Q/s1600/IMG_1722.JPG"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 214px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuDXmiYWnPoGnTZpl_NvN1BwAtAIoq_Qh_GX9hJmeLachbTc-KJoPOmQBrAvxjMe_aeFfDJmVXqJb1YtxBbn-NuJ18EwXHQGkGQGPZmD7PTd6MvoIwLgpDX0sDjI9UwJDvQsZGEQCL40Q/s320/IMG_1722.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454984722925359314" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />Here is the photoshoped version of that dolostone to show the vuggy and fenestral porosity<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCFrnobG8yrS32AS16z8ZgyJhJ6oC4pKq18JqtV-tuwYaHdS5v7i_FAd4zVvKc64CKsG8A4DdV7BcBIhI3EC9mun_WuoLZzTyyoidJ4KmnedlkQSQzX2ub7QZmTbZRXJik9kt3S-eF45Y/s1600/W_1722-optmz.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 202px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCFrnobG8yrS32AS16z8ZgyJhJ6oC4pKq18JqtV-tuwYaHdS5v7i_FAd4zVvKc64CKsG8A4DdV7BcBIhI3EC9mun_WuoLZzTyyoidJ4KmnedlkQSQzX2ub7QZmTbZRXJik9kt3S-eF45Y/s320/W_1722-optmz.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454984878607913714" border="0" /></a>Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-20548448029300398142010-03-31T18:36:00.001-07:002010-04-01T12:27:15.685-07:00Strat Column from IllustratorHere is the stratigraphic column of the Westphalia outcrop that me & Dr. Parcell measured in Missouri. It contains the Roubidoux, Gasconade, and Jefferson City/Cotter Dolomite formation of the Arbuckle Group in the Early Ordovician Period.<br /><br />It contains mostly fine to coarse crystalline cherty dolomite with some sandstone beds. There are some stromatolites and thrombolites(???) in a few of these beds.<br /><br />I have not made the legend as yet, but I will be put it up later. There is 50+m of thickness so it looks a little blurry.<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEBFMSsfa-JGmZNV4CE-16zlAzcwto3bfTrj4Zb62nB83E-OmHMzOVf8VTVQweyyMbFv6XLdFqweG53fJUVbb0LGhDDxPN-TBaIip7AKGH7W5ka1VuNsqHiYVUmW1NyLCHkQmIyw9SURE/s1600/Westphalia-Strat-Column.gif"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 316px; height: 428px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEBFMSsfa-JGmZNV4CE-16zlAzcwto3bfTrj4Zb62nB83E-OmHMzOVf8VTVQweyyMbFv6XLdFqweG53fJUVbb0LGhDDxPN-TBaIip7AKGH7W5ka1VuNsqHiYVUmW1NyLCHkQmIyw9SURE/s400/Westphalia-Strat-Column.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454978433134958882" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvhJInJEV0s08bNUq9X-Jx-TYZXqriV-csFqQpYdXlqfYrB4j5ShnzFSHFGFnM7AHwPxcPhRI0vGN5UUqVTz1rQcfzmw6Mc-vmyV68mDg5xKEryjjDB4Cz8A6mI5OSnsFKNBzVkwdRhY4/s1600/Westphalia-Legend-for-Strat.gif"><img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 302px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvhJInJEV0s08bNUq9X-Jx-TYZXqriV-csFqQpYdXlqfYrB4j5ShnzFSHFGFnM7AHwPxcPhRI0vGN5UUqVTz1rQcfzmw6Mc-vmyV68mDg5xKEryjjDB4Cz8A6mI5OSnsFKNBzVkwdRhY4/s320/Westphalia-Legend-for-Strat.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5455252724781468626" border="0" /></a>Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-53639371154608748362010-03-03T09:43:00.001-08:002010-03-03T10:46:40.762-08:00Cores du microbesI am on a GeoMapApp mission to find microbial traces in the sea floor sediment cores available in this database. If not in this database, then I will try looking in other databases as well.<br />Initially I will just be looking for traces to see if there is even any data available in this area.<br />If I find anything, I would like to figure out their ages which hopefully the cores will contain. Then try to infer depositional environments using other data available in the cores and finally have a comparison to the Ordovician microbialites that I am researching on.<br />If such data is quite recent, then I can use it as an analogue for comparison.<br /><br />So far data that I have found in some of the cores contain mottling but there is no indication of bacterial or algae activity; so far no evidence of microbial laminations either. I will continue to explore the database and if nothing turns up I will have to look for another project.<br /><br />So if anyone has any food for thought about this project, let me know.Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-74450778557838224972010-03-01T15:21:00.001-08:002010-03-01T15:22:31.595-08:00Form for Sampling<iframe src="http://spreadsheets.google.com/embeddedform?formkey=dDdxc1JRTUtURU5scmlhUzN4RU55NXc6MA" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" frameborder="0" height="2423" width="760">Loading...</iframe>Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-75153680932223669352010-02-11T12:58:00.000-08:002010-02-11T15:24:58.134-08:00References<meta equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name="ProgId" content="Word.Document"><meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><meta name="Originator" content="Microsoft Word 11"><link style="font-family: times new roman;" rel="File-List" href="file:///C:%5CDOCUME%7E1%5COwner%5CLOCALS%7E1%5CTemp%5Cmsohtml1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:compatibility> <w:breakwrappedtables/> <w:snaptogridincell/> <w:wraptextwithpunct/> <w:useasianbreakrules/> <w:dontgrowautofit/> </w:Compatibility> <w:browserlevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:latentstyles deflockedstate="false" latentstylecount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><style> <!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.25in 1.0in 1.25in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">1)Brunton, F. R., and O. A. Dixon (1994), Siliceous Sponge-Microbe Biotic Associations and Their Recurrence through the Phanerozoic as Reef Mound Constructors, <i style="">Palaios</i>, <i style="">9</i>(4), 370-387.<o:p></o:p></span>
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<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Environmental indicator of the Early Ordovician (and other Phanerozoic periods) by buildup of siliceous sponge-microbe reef mounds. The article talks about the common attributes of the reef mounds which include the abundance of thrombolites, but fewer stromatolites during the Phanerozoic episodes of reef mound construction. I will mostly refer to the Ordovician microbialites mentioned in this article</span></span><span style="">
<br />
<br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">2)Burne, R. V., and L. S. Moore (1987), Microbialites: Organosedimentary Deposits of Benthic Microbial Communities, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">Palaios</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">2</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">(3), 241-254.</span><o:p style="font-family: times new roman;"></o:p></span></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:lucida grande;">3)Davis, R. A. (1966), Willow River Dolomite - Ordovician analogue of modern algal stromatolite environments, </span><i style="font-family: lucida grande;">J. Geol.</i><span style="font-family:lucida grande;">, </span><i style="font-family: lucida grande;">74</i><span style="font-family:lucida grande;">(6), 908-923.</span></span></span><span style="">
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<br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Descriptions of algal stromatolites found in the Shakopee Formation (in particular the Willow River Dolomite member) of the Lower Ordovician of the Upper Mississippi Valley are found to have been deposited in an environment similar to that of modern intertidal carbonate depositional environments of Florida and Australia. Similar depositional environments in which the Willow River dolomite was formed is found in the Appalachian, Ozark, and central Texas areas during the Lower Ordovician.</span></span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">4)Dill, R. F., E. A. Shinn, A. T. Jones, K. Kelly, and R. P. Steinen (1986), Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters, <i style="">Nature</i>, <i style="">324</i>(6092), 55-58.</span><span style="">
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">5)Druschke, P. A., G. Q. Jiang, T. B. Anderson, and A. D. Hanson (2009), Stromatolites in the Late Ordovician Eureka Quartzite: implications for microbial growth and preservation in siliciclastic settings, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">Sedimentology</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">56</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">(5), 1275-1291.</span></span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Siliciclastic domal stromatolites found in the Later Ordovician Eureka Quartzite of Southern Nevada and Eastern California give some insight into the growth of microbialites in siliciclastic environments - I have blogged about this called Environment vs. Microbialites.</span><span style="font-family:times new roman;">
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<br />6)<o:p></o:p>Ginsburg, R. N. (1967), Stromatolites, <i style="">Science</i>, <i style="">157</i>(3786), 339-340.<o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-size:100%;">
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">A compilation of brief descriptions of how stromatolites are theorized to form by different geologists' perspective and how they are environmental indicators. This article is from a presentation on a historical review of stromatolites.</span></span><span style="">
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:times new roman;">7)Kennard, J. M., and N. P. James (1986), Thrombolites and Stromatolites: Two Distinct Types of Microbial Structures, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">Palaios</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">1</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">(5), 492-503.</span></span><span style=""><span style="font-family:times new roman;">
<br />
<br />8)Logan, B. W., R. Rezak, and R. N. Ginsburg (1964), Classification and Environmental Significance of Algal Stromatolites, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">The Journal of Geology</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">72</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">(1), 68-83.</span><o:p></o:p></span><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">
<br />
<br />This authors of this article has come up with a method of classification of stromatolites based on their geometric shapes and how their shapes, sea-level, and the environment affect their growth.</span></span><span style="font-family:times new roman;">
<br />
<br />9)</span><span style=""><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Overstreet, R. B., F. E. Oboh-Ikuenobe, and J. M. Gregg (2003), Sequence stratigraphy and depositional facies of Lower Ordovician cyclic carbonate rocks, southern Missouri, USA, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">J Sediment Res</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">, </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">73</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;">(3), 421-433.</span></span>
<br />
<br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-family:times new roman;">10)Shinn, E. A. (1991), </span><span style="font-family:times new roman;">Tidal Flat Environment </span><i style="font-family: times new roman;">in Carbonate Depositional Environments</i><span style="font-family:times new roman;"><span style="font-style: italic;"> </span>(Eds P.A. Scholle, D.G. Bebout, and C.H. Moore), AAPG Mem., 33, 171-210.</span></span>Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-90598443123414029972010-02-08T13:50:00.000-08:002010-02-08T15:53:00.324-08:00Environment vs. Microbial Colonization<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfkBp9_2nEPGu26Js_hC-ZpXpARpq7ZW3ITdtJKJSqeBYeSOJeumKGA00nnmKOu4CYr47BbfE9rBN9_FPqaKgl8UD8-Ws2ymQKMCcy2jXtmgdxGID8Q8lVVHiOactGlEgU9aD9OFOpV_g/s1600-h/burrowed+stromatolites.bmp"><span style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span> </a>Siliciclastic environment stromatolites are not as common in the rock record as carbonate environment stromatolites.<br /><br />A study done on stromatolites during the Late Ordovician indicates a few reasons for the lack of preservation of stromatolites (and maybe other microbialites) in siliciclastic environments.<br /><br />Early cementation and lithification are processes necessary for the preservation and growth of stromatolites. Siliciclastic environments may require carbonate alkalinity that is much more than in a carbonate environment to produce this early lithification & cementation as the carbonate cements may get replaced by silica during diagenesis.<br /><br />Successful colonization in siliciclastic environments also require that the sandy substrate is not mobile (which is generally high in these environments) as stabilization of the sediment is required for the bacteria to produce these microbial layers. This is true in carbonate environments too.<br /><br />The presence of <span style="font-weight: bold;">translucent</span> quartz grains present in these environments will also help these colonies as they allow the necessary amount of sunlight required for photosynthesis.<br /><br />These and other reasons can be found in the article by Druschke, Jiang, Anderson, and Hanson called Stromatolites in the Late Ordovician Eureka Quartzite: implications for microbial growth and preservation in siliciclastic settings in <span style="font-style: italic;">Sedimentology </span>(2009).<br /><br />Thus, here is a case which is a reminder that microbialites are not just present in carbonate environments and the presence of burrows found along with the stromatolites in this study also indicates that burrowing organisms are not a limitation for the growth of these microbialites which initially I thought may be restricting the microbialites to more saline waters.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfkBp9_2nEPGu26Js_hC-ZpXpARpq7ZW3ITdtJKJSqeBYeSOJeumKGA00nnmKOu4CYr47BbfE9rBN9_FPqaKgl8UD8-Ws2ymQKMCcy2jXtmgdxGID8Q8lVVHiOactGlEgU9aD9OFOpV_g/s1600-h/burrowed+stromatolites.bmp"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 297px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfkBp9_2nEPGu26Js_hC-ZpXpARpq7ZW3ITdtJKJSqeBYeSOJeumKGA00nnmKOu4CYr47BbfE9rBN9_FPqaKgl8UD8-Ws2ymQKMCcy2jXtmgdxGID8Q8lVVHiOactGlEgU9aD9OFOpV_g/s320/burrowed+stromatolites.bmp" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5436020790162996962" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;font-family:trebuchet ms;" >Burrowed stromatolites (adapted from Druschke et. al, 2009)</span>Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-88837494895893418892010-02-07T15:20:00.000-08:002010-02-07T15:59:16.286-08:00Stromatolite or Pisolite?I came across this site which is a virtual fossil museum and was curious to see if they had any microbial specimens. They did and interestingly enough there were some pictures of these stromatolites found during the Lower Cambrian that looked like pisolites. I must not be thoroughly exposed to all types of stromatolites since some of these pictures confused me. But I guess that is the nature of nature. It is complicated. What seems to be a pisolite is in fact a stromatolite. But who's to say that you cannot call it a pisolite too? It's spherical, has a nucleus and cortices, and is wider than a mm. So the only difference is that bacterial matter created the cortices around the nucleus instead of by mechanical/physical processes. That is, if this is actually a stromatolite.<br /><br />So here's the link to that picture: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Galleries/Stromatolites/Stromatolite461/DS461g.jpg<br /><br />Here's the link to the website: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/Fossil_Galleries/StromatolitesAmerica2.htm<br /><br />There are some other questionable stromatolite pictures in this website. I am not sure about the credibility of the website or I maybe ignorant!Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-11605593463383990462010-01-31T17:28:00.000-08:002010-01-31T17:36:31.402-08:00So what am I really doing for my project in Computer MethodsI would like to put my efforts into finding anything I can about microbial/stromatolites/thrombolites in the Ordovician period and also try to find information I can about a relationship between sea-level change and these "matters" if possible nationally or internationally.Geology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6423804092593483006.post-25522330861562551922010-01-28T12:11:00.000-08:002010-01-28T12:29:41.399-08:00Intro to microbial matterWhat is microbial matter? Other than a geologist, this would probably result in a bunch of confused faces if mentioned to your average person. Of course there would be the connection to the microscopic arena, but further than that might take a little more thinking.<br />So for the confused, sedimentary rocks that contain microbial matter has been formed by deposition of sediments and then it is altered by bacterial matter. And there are several types of these microbial matter that comes to mind which I will get into laterGeology Barriershttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14515474246652374882noreply@blogger.com1